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Front-Runner COVID-19 Vaccines

Covid-19 Coronavirus Vaccine vials in a row macro close up
Type of Vaccine Company In Use
Adenovirus VectoredJohnson & JohnsonPhase III for two dose vaccination
mRNA basedModernaPhase I (2 doses, 4 weeks apart); variant B.1.355 vaccine
Nanoparticle basedNovavaxPhase III (2 doses, 3 weeks apart)
mRNA basedCureVacPhase III (2 doses, four weeks apart)
Protein basedVector InstitutePhase III (2 doses, 3 weeks apart)
Virus-like particleMedicagoPhase III (2 doses, 3 weeks apart)
Protein-adjuvant basedAnhui Zhifei LongcomPhase III (3 doses, 4 weeks apart)
DNA-basedZydus CadilaPhase III (3 doses, 4 weeks apart)
DNA-basedAnGesPhase III (2 doses, 2 weeks apart)
SubunitBiological EPhase III (2 doses, 4 weeks apart)
DNA-basedInovioPhase II/III (2 doses, 4 weeks apart)
SubunitCloverPhase II/III (2 doses, 3 weeks apart)
Virus-like particleSK BiosciencePhase I/II (2 doses, 4 weeks apart)
Protein basedSanofiPhase II (2 doses, 3 weeks apart)
mRNA basedSanofiPhase I/II (2 doses, 3 weeks apart)

Clinical trial phases

Phase 1: Evaluation of safety and antibody production

Phase 2: Evaluation of safety and immunogenicity by including a placebo group

Phase 3: Verification of safety, and efficacy in a large population group